Study on the components and distribution of betalain pigments in different species of pitaya fruit

Authors

YANG Xin-feng, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
WANG Pan, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570000, China; Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
GUO Xiao-jie, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570000, China
YANG Lei, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570000, China; Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
LI Qiong, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China

Abstract

Objective： To reveal the compositions of betalains (BLs) from pitaya fruit and their distribution in different parts. Methods: Three types of pitaya fruits, red peel-red flesh (RR), red peel-white flesh (RW), and yellow peel-white flesh (YW), were selected. The screening and confirmation of BLs were performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC QTOF-MS/MS). Results: A total of 19 components were identified, including betanin, phyllocactin, indicaxanthin, etc. Most components (14) were identified from the peel part of RR fruit, and secondly, 12 components from the flesh part of RR fruit and nine components from the peel part of RW fruit. Conclusion: Among the various pitaya fruits, RR fruit presented the most prosperous components, and the following were RW and YW fruit. BLs components are predominantly distributed in the red flesh and red peel parts. The white flesh and yellow peel parts were scarce of BLs components.

Publication Date

7-28-2021

First Page

20

Last Page

25,32

DOI

10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2021.07.004

Recommended Citation

Xin-feng, YANG; Pan, WANG; Xiao-jie, GUO; Lei, YANG; and Qiong, LI (2021) "Study on the components and distribution of betalain pigments in different species of pitaya fruit," Food and Machinery: Vol. 37: Iss. 7, Article 4.
DOI: 10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2021.07.004
Available at: https://www.ifoodmm.cn/journal/vol37/iss7/4

References

[1] ANA S, FRANCI S, ROBERT V, et al. HPLC-MSⁿ identification of betalain profile of different beetroot （Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris） parts and cultivars[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2015, 80: C1 952-C1 958.
[2] KHAN M I, GIRIDHAR P. Plant betalains: Chemistry and biochemistry[J]. Phytochemistry, 2015, 117: 267-295.
[3] 李洪立, 胡文斌, 洪青梅, 等. 30份火龙果种质资源收集保存与初步鉴定评价[J]. 热带作物学报, 2017, 38（11）: 2 034-2 039.
[4] POLTURAK G, AHARONI A. “La Vie en Rose”: Biosynthesis, sources, and applications of betalain pigments[J]. Molecular Plant, 2018, 11（1）: 7-22.
[5] FERNANDO G H, FRANCISCO G C. Biosynthesis of betalains: Yellow and violet plant pigments[J]. Trends in Plant Sciences, 2013, 18: 334-343.
[6] PATRICIA E，FLORIAN C S, REINHOLD C. Pigment pattern and expression of colour in fruits from different Hylocereus sp. genotypes[J]. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2007, 8（3）: 451-457.
[7] HUA Qing-zhu, CHEN Can-bin, ZUR T N, et al. Metabolomic characterization of pitaya fruit from three red-skinned cultivars with different pulp colors[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018, 126: 117-125.
[8] DONG H S, SUNMIN L, DO Y H, et al. Metabolite profiling of red and white pitayas （Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus） for comparing betalain biosynthesis and antioxidant activity[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62（34）: 8 764-8 771.
[9] GREGORY J H, ALAN L. The betalain secondary metabolic network[M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2015: 127-140.
[10] SLIMEN I B, NAJAR T, ABDERRABBA M. Chemical and antioxidant properties of betalains[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65: 675-689.
[11] MARIA G P L, FELIPE G O, BLANCA E B H, et al. Comparative analysis of betalain content in Stenocereus Stellatus fruits and other cactus fruits using principal component analysis[J]. International Journal of Food Properties, 2016, 19: 326-338.
[12] TOMASZ S, NATALIA B, WIESLAW W. Betalain profile, content and antioxidant capacity of red beetroot dependent on the genotype and root part[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2016, 27: 249-261.
[13] KHAN M I. Plant betalains: Safety, antioxidant activity, clinical efficacy, and bioavailability[J]. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2016, 15: 316-330.
[14] YONG Y Y, DYKES G, LEE S M, et al. Comparative study of betacyanin profile and antimicrobial activity of red pitahaya （Hylocereus polyrhizus） and red spinach （Amaranthus dubius）[J]. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2017, 72: 41.
[15] LIRA S M, DIONSIO A P, HOLANDA M O, et al. Metabolic profile of pitaya （Hylocereus polyrhizus （F.A.C. Weber） Britton & Rose） by UPLC-QTOF-MS^E and assessment of its toxicity and anxiolytic-like effect in adult zebrafish[J]. Food Research International, 2020, 127: 108701.1-108701.10.
[16] LETICIA G C, MONTSERRAT D, CELESTINO S B, et al. Betalains and phenolic compounds profiling and antioxidant capacity of pitaya （Stenocereus spp.） fruit from two species （S. Pruinosus and S. stellatus）[J] . Food Chemistry, 2017, 234（1）: 111-118.
[17] LILIA V C, SALVADOR V G, FERNANDO M B, et al. Encapsulation and pigmenting potential of betalains of pitaya （Stenocereus pruinosus） fruit[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 55: 2 436-2 445.
[18] ANA C V L, ANA P D, FERNANDO A P A, et al. Microfiltered red-purple pitaya colorant: UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE-based metabolic profile and its potential application as a natural food ingredient[J]. Food Chemistry, 2020, 330: 127222.
[19] 田艳, 段晓嫣, 邓放明. 纤维素酶协同超声波辅助乙醇提取红肉火龙果色素工艺的优化[J]. 食品与机械, 2019, 35（9）: 173-180.
[20] DIETER S, THOMAS V, WILLIBALD S. Recent advances in betalain research[J]. Phytochemistry, 2003, 62: 247-269.
[21] TOMAS G C, ANDREA G M, DANIEL G, et al. Characterization and quantification of individual betalain and phenolic compounds in Mexican and Spanish prickly pear （Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill） tissues: A comparative study[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2019, 76: 1-13.
[22] WU Ya-wei, XU Juan, HE Yi-zhong, et al. Metabolic profiling of pitaya （Hylocereus polyrhizus） during fruit development and maturation[J]. Molecules, 2019, 24（6）: 1 114. 1-16.