Abstract
Objective： To study the effect of hemp seed and algal oil mixture in lowering blood lipids, and provide the theoretical basis for the utilization of hemp seed and algal oil mixture in food. Methods: 113 hyperlipidemia adult volunteers were selected and randomly divided into two groups, namely the experiment group and the control group. The subjects in the experiment group were given gelatinized confections for 90 days, while subjects in the control group were given a placebo. The levels of Serum total cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and physiological and biochemical parameters were measured before and after trial. For the experiment group, hepatobiliary ultrasonography, carotid plaque ultrasonography, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, inflammatory indicators tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and antioxidant indicators superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase were detected. Results: At the end of the human trial, compared with the control group, serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels of the experiment group decreased significantly(P<0.05). And the rate of effective lowering lipid level is 30.4％ in the experiment group at the end of trials. No abnormal effect was observed in liver function, renal function and hematological examination. In the experiment group, the levels of hBA1c and IL-6 were decreased (P<0.05), SOD and GSH-Px activities increased (P<0.01), the improvement rate of carotid plaque and fatty liver was 33.3% and 39.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Hemp seed and algal oil mixture tested in the study have a good function of lowering blood lipid in humans with an acceptable safety profile, which may be related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Publication Date
10-20-2023
First Page
147
Last Page
154
DOI
10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2023.60028
Recommended Citation
Zehua, CHEN; Hongying, LI; Yong, ZHOU; and Wenzhi, LI
(2023)
"Experimental study on the assisted hypolipidemic function of the mixture between hemp seed oil and algae oil in the human body,"
Food and Machinery: Vol. 39:
Iss.
8, Article 23.
DOI: 10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2023.60028
Available at:
https://www.ifoodmm.cn/journal/vol39/iss8/23
References
[1] 诸骏仁, 高润霖, 赵水平, 等. 中国成人血脂异常防治指南（2016年修订版）[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2016, 31（10）: 937-953.
ZHU J R, GAO R L, ZHAO S P, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults in China （2016 Revision）[J]. Chinese Circulation Journal, 2016, 31（10）: 937-953.
[2] KARIMI I, HAYATGHAIBI H. Effect of Cannabis sativa L. seed （Hempseed） on serum lipid and protein profiles of rat[J]. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2006, 5（6）: 585-588.
[3] LAVIE C J, MILANI R V, MEHRA M R, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases[J]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009, 54（7）: 585-594.
[4] SHAHIDI F, AMBIGAIPALAN P. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits[J]. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 9: 345-381.
[5] INNES J K, CALDER P C. Marine omega-3 （N-3） fatty acids for cardiovascular health: An update for 2020[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21（4）: 1 362.
[6] BETTADAHALLI S, ACHARYA P, RAMAIYAN B, et al. Evidence on oleic acid and EPA+ DHA role in retinal antioxidant defense, leukocyte adhesion, and vascular permeability: Insight from hyperlipidemic rat model[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2020, 67: 103864.
[7] SCHUCHARDT J P, HAHN A. Bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids[J]. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2013, 89（1）: 1-8.
[8] DOUGHMAN S D, KRUPANIDHI S, SANJEEVI C B. Omega-3 fatty acids for nutrition and medicine: Considering microalgae oil as a vegetarian source of EPA and DHA[J]. Current Diabetes Reviews, 2007, 3（3）: 198-203.
[9] MOZAFFARIAN D, RIMM E B. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: Evaluating the risks and the benefits[J]. Jama, 2006, 296（15）: 1 885-1 899.
[10] FOLSOM A R, DEMISSIE Z. Fish intake, marine omega-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004, 160（10）: 1 005-1 010.
[11] ANIL E. The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: Influence of apoEgenotype[J]. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2007, 66（1）: 60-68.
[12] BLOCK R C, HARRIS W S, REID K J, et al. EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2008, 197（2）: 821-828.
[13] COTTIN S C, SANDERS T A, HALL W L. The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors[J]. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2011, 70（2）: 215-231.
[14] YANG R L, SHI Y H, HAO G, et al. Increasing oxidative stress with progressive hyperlipidemia in human: relation between malondialdehyde and atherogenic index[J]. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2008, 43（3）: 154-158.
[15] DRECHSLER M, MEGENS R T A, VAN ZANDVOORT M, et al. Hyperlipidemia-triggered neutrophilia promotes early atherosclerosis[J]. Circulation, 2010, 122（18）: 1 837-1 845.
[16] HESHMATI J, MORVARIDZADEH M, MAROUFIZADEH S, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials[J]. Pharmacological Research, 2019, 149: 104462.
[17] ATEYA A M, SABRI N A, EL HAKIM I, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in pediatric patients on regular hemodialysis: A randomized placebo-controlled study[J]. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 2017, 27（3）: 169-174.
[18] FAZELIAN S, MORADI F, AGAH S, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on cardio-metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Nephrology, 2021, 22（1）: 1-13.
[19] KESAVULU M M, KAMESWARARAO B, APPARAO C, et al. Effect of omega3 fatty acids on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme status in type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Diabetes and Metabolism, 2002, 28（1）: 20-26.
[20] MUSAZADEH V, DEHGHAN P, SALEH-GHADIMI S, et al. Omega 3‐rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial[J]. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2021, 75（11）: e14744.
[21] TABAS I. Macrophage death and defective inflammation resolution in atherosclerosis[J]. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2010, 10（1）: 36-46.
[22] SERHAN C N. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology[J]. Nature, 2014, 510（7 503）: 92-101.
[23] CALDER P C. The role of marine omega-3 （n-3） fatty acids in inflammatory processes, atherosclerosis and plaque stability[J]. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2012, 56（7）: 1 073-1 080.
[24] PATTERSON C C, SMITH A E, YARNELL J W G, et al. The associations of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and downstream inflammatory markers with risk of cardiovascular disease: The caerphillystudy[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2010, 209（2）: 551-557.
[25] HOTAMISLIGIL G S. Inflammation and metabolic disorders[J]. Nature, 2006, 444（7 121）: 860-867.
[26] LINDMARK E, DIDERHOLM E, WALLENTIN L, et al. Relationship between interleukin 6 and mortality in patients with unstable coronary artery disease: Effects of an early invasive or noninvasive strategy[J]. Jama, 2001, 286（17）: 2 107-2 113.
[27] MIRALLES-PREZ B, NOGUS M R, SNCHEZ-MARTOS V, et al. The effects of the combination of buckwheat D-fagomine and fish omega-3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and related risk factors in pre-obese rats[J]. Foods, 2021, 10（2）: 332.
[28] WANG D D, NGUYEN L H, LI Y, et al. The gut microbiome modulates the protective association between a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk[J]. Nature Medicine, 2021, 27（2）: 333-343.
[29] SATTAR N, PREISS D, MURRAY H M, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: A collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials[J]. The Lancet, 2010, 375（9 716）: 735-742.
[30] CULVER A L, OCKENE I S, BALASUBRAMANIAN R, et al. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative[J]. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2012, 172（2）: 144-152.
[31] 纪孝联. 不同他汀类药物对冠心病患者血糖影响的临床观察[J]. 河南职工医学院学报, 2013, 25（3）: 275-277.
JI X L. Clinical observation of the effect of different statins on blood glucose in patients with coronary heart disease[J]. Journal of Henan Medical College for Staff and Workers, 2013, 25（3）: 275-277.
[32] DELARUE J, LEFOLL C, CORPOREAU C, et al. N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: A nutritional tool to prevent insulin resistance associated to type 2 diabetes and obesity?[J]. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 2004, 44（3）: 289-299.
[33] NETTLETON J A, KATZ R. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A review[J]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2005, 105（3）: 428-440.
[34] NAYLOR J L, SCHRAER C D, MAYER A M, et al. Diabetes among alaska natives: A review[J]. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 2003, 62（4）: 363-387.